EN From Presidentialism to Command Democracy: The Evolution of Political System and Leadership Models in The Second Polish Republic

2022

Politeja : pismo Wydziału Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Rocznik: 2022 | Tom: vol. 19 | Numer: no. 5(80)

artykuł naukowy

polski

EN From Presidentialism to Command Democracy: The Evolution of Political System and Leadership Models in The Second Polish RepublicThe text presents the main directions of the evolution of political leadership pat-terns in Poland in the interwar period. The point of departure for discussion is the model of exercising power introduced by Józef Piłsudski when he was exercising his duties as the Head of State and Commander-in-Chief. After the May coup, the marshal’s political leadership was based on his personal authority, giving a spe-cific form to the state system, which Joseph Barthélemy called “Pilsudskism”. The next part of the text is devoted to the shaping of the political system after 1935 to-wards a command democracy, i.e. a system in which the most important functions are performed by the military, who control the institutions of state administra-tion both at the central and local level. In this model, the dominant role was to be played by ‘the Chief of Nation.’ This title, according to the unwritten testament of Józef Piłsudski, was given to Edward Śmigły-Rydz. The analysis indicates that the system formed after the death of Józef Piłsudski was in conflict with the po-litical principles on which the April Constitution adopted in 1935 was based, cre-ating de facto duumvirate between the President and the Commander-in-Chief.

23.02.2023

197 - 219

10.12797/Politeja.19.2022.80.10

https://journals.akademicka.pl/politeja/article/view/4564/4395

Bibliografia, akty prawne na stronach 216-219.

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23.02.2023

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