Online Verbal Aggression on Social Media During Times of Political Turmoil : Discursive Patterns from Poland’s 2020 Protests and Election

Dorota Domalewska

doi:10.3390/journalmedia6030146

Akademii Sztuki Wojennej

PL EN

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Artykuł

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Tytuł

Online Verbal Aggression on Social Media During Times of Political Turmoil : Discursive Patterns from Poland’s 2020 Protests and Election

Autorzy

Dorota Domalewska (WBN) ^{[ 1 ][ 6.3 ][ P ]}

^{[ 1 ]} Wydział Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego, Akademia Sztuki Wojennej | ^{[ P ]} pracownik

Dyscyplina naukowa (Ustawa 2.0)

[6.3] Nauki o bezpieczeństwie

Rok publikacji

2025

Opublikowano w

Journalism and Media

Rocznik: 2025 | Tom: Vol. 6 | Numer: Iss. 3

Typ artykułu

artykuł naukowy

Język publikacji

angielski

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Internet
Policy
Political campaign
Social media
Society
Verbal aggression

PL

Agresywność
Analiza dyskursu
Atak słowny
Badania naukowe
Facebook (portal społecznościowy)
Internet
Język
Kampania wyborcza
Komunikacja werbalna
Mowa nienawiści
Ogólnopolski Strajk Kobiet (OSK)
Politycy
Polityka
Protest społeczny
Przemoc
Społeczeństwo
Twitter
Wolność słowa

Streszczenie

EN Online aggression and abusive language on social media pose a growing threat to democratic discourse, as they contribute to polarization, delegitimization of political actors, and the erosion of civil debate. While much of the current research relies on computational methods to detect hate speech, fewer studies investigate how online aggression functions discursively in specific socio-political contexts. This study addresses this gap by analyzing patterns of verbal aggression on Facebook and Twitter during two key events in Poland in 2020: the presidential election and the Women’s Strike. Adopting a mixed-method approach (combining sentiment analysis, content analysis, and discourse analysis) and comparing two socio-political events that generated extensive online debate, this study investigates the patterns and communicative functions of hostile and aggressive language on Facebook and Twitter. The study reveals that neutral posts dominated both datasets, but negative and aggressive posts were significantly more frequent during the Women’s Strike, where verbal aggression was used not only to reinforce group identity but also to express moral outrage, trauma, and demands for change. In contrast, aggression during the election campaign was less frequent but more calculated. It functioned as a strategic tool to delegitimize political opponents and reinforce partisan divides. Users employed vitriolic language and profanity as rhetorical tools to undermine authority, reinforce group identity, and mobilize supporters. The study also reveals asymmetric patterns of aggression, with public figures and institutions, particularly the ruling party, Church, and police, being primary targets. The findings have significant implications for understanding the dynamics of online debates and aggression patterns in social media.

Data udostępnienia online

09.08.2025

Strony (od-do)

1 - 17

DOI

10.3390/journalmedia6030146

URL

https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5172/6/3/146

Uwagi

Bibliografia, netografia na stronach 15-17.

Typ licencji

CC BY (uznanie autorstwa)