2025

rozdział w monografii naukowej

angielski

EN This chapter describes the geography, actors, and geopolitical thinking about space before considering its role in Grey Zone conflicts and small-country options to manage its risks. Altitudes, orbits, and choke points define space geography. Actors in space have expanded in four waves from a few major powers to more than 30 states with growing capacity. Commercial and non-state actors are increasingly active in space. Classic theorists of sea power and airpower (McKinder, Mahan, Douhet) and modern thinkers (Lupton, Dolman) have defined approaches to space based on sanctuary, survivability, high ground, and space control. Attacks in space and on multinational space systems with distributed elements are ambiguous because space is a global common. Small countries may seek to ensure their access to space through alliances, cooperation arrangements, incubating commercial start-ups, or buying access.

09.07.2025

74 - 96

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003428701-6/space-grey-zone-pedro-miguel-da-silva-costa-david-last-marzena-%C5%BCakowska?context=ubx&refId=60ad3a5c-9ea4-42ec-8cb5-1a5bdf9db61b

Modern War and Grey Zones : Design for Small States

50

75