Title
Space and the Grey Zone
Authors
[ 1 ] Wydział Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego, Akademia Sztuki Wojennej | [ P ] employee
Scientific discipline (Law 2.0)
Year of publication
2025
Chapter type
chapter in monograph
Publication language
english
Keywords
PL
- Geopolityka
- Wszechświat
- Kolonizacja kosmosu
- Przestrzeń kosmiczna
- Prawo kosmiczne
Abstract
EN This chapter describes the geography, actors, and geopolitical thinking about space before considering its role in Grey Zone conflicts and small-country options to manage its risks. Altitudes, orbits, and choke points define space geography. Actors in space have expanded in four waves from a few major powers to more than 30 states with growing capacity. Commercial and non-state actors are increasingly active in space. Classic theorists of sea power and airpower (McKinder, Mahan, Douhet) and modern thinkers (Lupton, Dolman) have defined approaches to space based on sanctuary, survivability, high ground, and space control. Attacks in space and on multinational space systems with distributed elements are ambiguous because space is a global common. Small countries may seek to ensure their access to space through alliances, cooperation arrangements, incubating commercial start-ups, or buying access.
Date of online publication
09.07.2025
Pages (from - to)
74 - 96
Ministry points / chapter
50
Ministry points / chapter (humanities, social sciences and theology)
75
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