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Article

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Title

Lethal empowerment and electronic crime: A focus on radio-frequency interference capabilities

Authors

[ 1 ] Department of Safety, Economics, and Planning, University of Stavanger, Kjell Arholms Gate 41, 4021, Stavanger, Norway

Year of publication

2025

Published in

Security and Defence Quarterly

Journal year: 2025 | Journal volume: Online first | Journal number: -

Article type

scientific article

Publication language

english

Keywords
EN
  • Cybercrime
  • Terrorism
PL
  • Przestępczość komputerowa
  • Terroryzm
Abstract

EN This article focuses on the capabilities of criminals in using radiofrequency interference (RFI) devices to target systems that use the Global Positioning System (GPS). Surveying over a 22-year period during which GPS has been widely used by many industries, it seeks to understand how the electronic threat has evolved and changed. Focusing on the accessibility, usability, effectiveness, versatility, transportability, and concealability of RFI devices, and utilising a number of sources from engineering disciplines, hacker events, and media pieces, it argues that the more reliant we are on GPS, the more threat actors’ target choices and means, ends, and, indeed, motivations for targeting systems will expand, elevating the risks to GPS users. This article finds that arguably some of the most disagreeable actors have elevated from unsophisticated to semi-sophisticated in the space of 20 years, and can target systems cheaply, easily, and effectively. In the space of two decades, the combination of war, the expansion of digitalisation, the commercialisation of military systems, and the demand and supply that feeds technological innovations, have left us with an entirely different threat picture.

Date of online publication

20.01.2025

DOI

10.35467/sdq/196515.

URL

https://securityanddefence.pl/Lethal-empowerment-and-electronic-crime-A-focus-on-radio-frequency-interference-capabilities,196515,0,2.html

Comments

Corresponding author Tegg Westbrook Department of Safety, Economics, and Planning, University of Stavanger, Kjell Arholms gate 41, 4021, Stavanger, Norway. Online first

License type

CC BY (attribution alone)

Open Access Mode

open journal

Open Access Text Version

final published version

Release date

20.01.2025

Full text of article

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Access level to full text

public

Ministry points / journal

70