2025

chapter in monograph

english

EN This chapter explores strategies of deterrence and alignment for small states in the context of modern wars and Grey Zone conflicts, focusing on the Western Balkans. It examines how small states, which cannot rely on the overwhelming deterrence of nuclear powers, must develop alternative strategies to manage threats that fall below the threshold of conventional war. This analysis highlights the Western Balkans’ unique regional and international dynamics, illustrating how mutual vulnerabilities and interpenetrating ethnic identities create complex security challenges. Memories of conflict and the consequences of political advantage trumping human and national security suggest new ways of deterring violence and escalation to war in the Grey Zone. It proposes that nonviolent civil resistance and international cooperation can support stable deterrence mechanisms. Major powers, local political entrepreneurs, diaspora actors, and economic players shape deterrence strategies. Examining policy instruments for alignment, alliance, and deterrence offers a comprehensive framework for small states to navigate the intricacies of Grey Zone threats and modern warfare. The findings emphasize the importance of coordinated regional peacebuilding, robust legal frameworks, and strategic use of international organizations to enhance security and prevent escalation.

09.07.2025

280 - 301

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003428701-19/deterrence-alignment-modern-wars-grey-zone-hajdi-xhixha-arian-kadriu-david-last-marzena-%C5%BCakowska?context=ubx&refId=e55f8456-9f2f-4797-857d-723494c26190

Modern War and Grey Zones : Design for Small States

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